An Uncertain Decade : Protestant Reformation

An Uncertain Decade : Protestant Reformation

 

■ The German translation of the Bible

Luther wrote this book during the time when he stayed hidden in Wartburg.

It took two years to finish NT and ten years OT

This bible shaped the German language and nationality.

 

 

■ Philip Melanchthon

Luther's collaborator

A young professor of Greek

Convinced of the truth of his older colleague's teachings.

Different temperament from Luther's.

 

■ Adrian VI
The tutor of Charles V
Elected as pope after death of Leo X
The last non-italian pope until the twentieth century.
Eager to reform the life of the church
Began a program of reformation

■ Clement VII
Adrian's successor
Returned to Leo's policies
more interested in the arts and in Italian politics than in ecclesiastical matters
there was serious friction between him and the Emperor

■ Charles V
wanted to stamp out the Lutheran.
His most constant rival was Francis I of france.
Signed a peace treaty with Francis
invaded Italy in 1527

■ Thomas Muntzer
A native of Zwickau
Joined the peasant rebellion
Claimed that what was most important was not the written word of scripture, but the present revelation of the Spirit
Luther feared the consequences of Muntzer's teaching

■ Peasant's revolt
broke out in 1524
took on religious overtone.
thought that the teachings of the reformers supported their economic demands
in their "Twelve Articles," the peasants made both economic and religious demands
even though Luther didn't want to have relationship with them, the peasants themselves did see such relationship.

■ Erasmus
The most famous of the humanists
Had looked with favor on the early stages of the Lutheran movement
Never advocated a radical reformation in theology
Bound to take the side of Luther's adversaries
Raised the issue of free will
Published a treatise on free will

■ Augsburg Confession
Its main author was Philip Melanchthon
The instrument whereby most Protestants presented a united front before the emperor
When it presented to the emperor, he ordered that they must recant by April of the following year

■ The league of Schmalkald
The Protestant territories joined in it
Its purpose was to resist the imperial edict if Charles sought to impose it by force of arms
Because international events once more forced Charles to postpone action, war between Charles V and the league didn't broke out

■ The Peace of Nuremberg
Signed in 1532
Thanks to it, Protestants would be allowed to remain in their faith
They promised not to go beyond what they had declared to be their faith in the Augsburg Confession