THE OFFENSIVE AGAINST ISLAM: THE CRUSADES

THE OFFENSIVE AGAINST ISLAM: THE CRUSADES

 

 

 

 

* Introduction: The meaning of the Crusades in the middle age (292)

 

1. The First Crusade (1095)

* The background and the declaration by the pope, Urban II (293)

* Through Constantinople (293)

* Marching on Antioch (293-4)

* Recovering Jerusalem (295-6)

* the reason of success and the result (295-6)

 

2. Later history of the Crusades: 1144-1270 (296-7)

* The second

* The third

* The fourth

* The fifth and sixth

* The seventh and eighth

 

3. The Spanish Reconquista (298)

 

 

4. The Consequences of the Crusades (298-300)

* Increasing enmity between Christians and Moslems

* Enhanced the power of the papacy

* Pilgrimage to the Holy Land: Impact on Christian piety

* Monastic responses

1) Warrior monks

2) Missionary monks

* Economic, social, academic, and cultural influences