THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MEDIEVAL CHURCHCharlemagne's Reign _

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH

 

1. Imperial Restoration and Continuing Decay in the 9th century (chapter 28)

 

* Charlemagne's Reign

1) In 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charles, king of the Franks (often called Charlemagne)

as the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. (266)

2) Almost all western Europe was Christianized and was in the emperor's rule. (266-7)

3) Religious reforms (268)

4) Academic reforms (268)

 

 

* After Charlemagne (268-9)

1) "The glory of the empire did not last long."

2) Arab's conquest affected to European life (Lost of the Mediterranean Sea)

3) The main source of wealth became "land" (Feudalism born)

4) Political and economic fragmentation resulted the decline of all centralized power

5) The power struggle for the authorative clerical position

 

* Theological activity

1) Revival of philosophical theology based on Platonic idea

2) John Scotus Erigena (269-270)

3) The rise of the doctrine of "transubstantiation" (271-2)

 

* New Invasions

1) from the Scandinavian ("Norseman") (272)

2) from the East (Hungarian) (273)

3) Destruction by the invaders

4) The conversion of the Scandinavians and Hungarians (273, 4)

 

* Decay in Papacy

1) As a result of the crowning of Charlemagne (274)

2) Power struggles for the papacy with ambitions and violence. (275-6)

 

 

 

2. Movements of Renewal in the 10-11th century (chapter 29)

 

* Introduction: Yearning for the renewals (277)

 

* Monastic Reform: The Cluniac Monastery (278-280)

1) "Monasticism itself was in need of reformation." (277)

2) Reform began from a small monastery at Cluny in 909 by Berno

3) Cluny: Emphasis of the steadfast obedience to the "Rule" of Benedict

4) With prayer and labor

5) After Bero, six abbots extraordinary dedication and the development for 200 years.

6) Its reforming zeal towards to the entire church

7) A rule for the celibacy of the clergy: ambivalence

8) Reserving property and the failure (280)

9) A new monasticism at Citeaux led by Robert of Molesme (282)

# mysticism based on the meditation of the humanity of Christ

# walked to the same path with the Cluniac monaticism

 

* Papal Reform (282-286)

1) Hildebrand (Gregory VII) and Bruno (Leo IX)

2) Their reformation was based on the promotion of clerical celebacy and the abolition of simony

3) Yet, it was not successful

 

* The Papal and the empire in Direct Confrontation (286-8)

1) Gregory VII vs Henry IV

2) Tension for the superior authority between pope and king

3) Humiliation of Henry IV

4) Reverse

 

* Conclusion: The ambiguity of the reformation and ongoing problems (290-1)